Alexandria National Cemetery, known during the Civil War as the "Soldier's Cemetery," was one of the original fourteen national cemeteries established in 1862 according to an act of Congress. The first burials consisted of soldiers who had died during training or of disease. Many of the dead came from the Union hospitals located in Union-occupied Alexandria. By 1864, the five and a half acres was nearly full, prompting plans for a larger cemetery on the grounds of General Lee's Arlington House. That cemetery became the Alexandria National Cemetery's famous brother. At the end of the conflict, the Alexandria National Cemetery contained 3,500 Union war dead.
Sign at entrance to cemetery
Ornate Union shield on wrought-iron entrance to the cemetery. A Marine Corps Junior ROTC cadet attending a Memorial Day picnic at the cemetery informed me that his friend had repainted the entrance gate with more authentic paint as part of his Eagle Scout project. (Nice to see youth involved in historic preservation!)
Most of the Civil War headstones are plain, marked by plot number, name, and state. New York and Pennsylvania seemed to be well represented. A few headstones were more ornate, perhaps purchased and supplied by the families of the deceased at some point during or after the war. Scattered among the graves were some unknown soldiers. A few soldiers from the world wars were also interred here. Because it was just before Memorial Day, American flags had been placed at each grave, making for a very patriotic and moving scene.
Headstones, Section A. Based on period photographs, the original markers were made of wood. I have been unable to determine when headstones were installed.
Plain headstone of a Pennsylvania solider
A more elaborate headstone
Grave of an unknown soldier
The cemetery also contains the graves of 229 African American soldiers. Many of these dead were originally buried in the Alexandria Freedmen's Cemetery for contraband. In 1864, African American soldiers petitioned the War Department for permission to be buried alongside their white comrades in arms, arguing that they had shared equally in the dangers and hardships of the war and should therefore share the same privileges and rights concerning burial. Interestingly, the War Department granted the request, and the African American soldiers were re-interred in the Soldier's Cemetery. (It would be fascinating to examine the documentation of the approval decision, which was rather forward-looking for the time, given the attitudes of many whites in the military ranks towards black soldiers.)
Row of United States Colored Troops (U.S.C.T.) graves, Section B
Example of individual U.S.C.T. headstone
The Soldier's Cemetery also contains the remains of four soldiers from the U.S. Quartermaster Corps who drowned in the Potomac on April 24, 1865 while in pursuit of President Lincoln's assassin, John Wilkes Booth. In July 1922, the U.S. Government erected a granite boulder to commemorate the service of Booth's pursuers.
The four graves of Booth's pursuers and the granite memorial
Inscription on memorial to Booth's pursuers
Overall, the Soldier's Cemetery is an interesting detour from the more famous colonial sites in Old Town. It is a well-maintained example of a Civil War national cemetery and has a few interesting stories to tell visitors.
4 comments:
I lived in Alexandria and had no idea this cemetery was there. Love this blog! Thanks for sharing Ron. Suzie
Happy I could provide the info. I had no idea either, until the other day! A very interesting find. And glad you like the blog.
American Legion Post 24 hosts a ceremony every Memorial Day at 11am at the Alexandria National Ceremony. They have had veterans talk about their war experiences and historians talk about the cemetary. It was actually the first of the National Cemetaries to allow black soldiers to be buried there.
The location was dictated because it was close to the railroad in those days. The dead were sent back to Alexandria by train and removed near what is now the back of the cemetary.
Thanks for your comment, Mike. I will have to go down there on Memorial Day next year. And I hadn't thought of the railroad connection. I know the big yard used to be around there, so it makes sense that the cemetery would be placed where it was to make transportation that much easier.
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